AKU-EBClass X (SSC Part II)CURRICULUM SPECIFICATION (2025 EDITION)
Physics Official Syllabus & SLOs (10 Units)
Class learning outcomes with search and cognitive-level filters. Open Original PDF for the complete source, including its introduction, practical activities and examination specifications.
Oscillatory Motion
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 11.1.1 | define the following: a. amplitude, b. frequency, c. oscillatory motion d. periodic motion, e. time period; | R |
| 11.1.2 | discuss the factors on which the time period of a simple pendulum depends; | E |
| 11.1.3 | solve word problems related to time period of a simple pendulum; | A |
Wave Motion
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 11.2.1 | define mechanical waves; | R |
| 11.2.2 | describe wave motion as illustrated by vibrations in rope, a slinky spring and by experiments with water waves; | U |
| 11.2.3 | describe that waves transfer energy without transferring matter; | U |
Longitudinal and Transverse Waves
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 11.3.1 | identify transverse and longitudinal waves in mechanical media; | U |
| 11.3.2 | distinguish between mechanical and electromagnetic waves; | U |
Characteristics of Waves
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 11.4.1 | define the following terms: a. speed (v), b. wavelength (λ), c. crest, d. trough, e. wavefront, f. compression and rarefaction; | R |
| 11.4.2 | analyse key characteristics of waves by interpreting graphical representations of waveforms; | A |
| 11.4.3 | derive equation v = f λ; | A |
| 11.4.4 | solve word problems using the relation f = 1/ T and v = f λ; | A |
Properties of Waves
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 11.5.1 | define the following terms: a. reflection, b. refraction, c. diffraction; | R |
| 11.5.2 | describe the properties of waves such as reflection, refraction and diffraction with the help of the ripple tank effect. | U |
Sound Waves
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 12.1.1 | explain the production of sound waves; | U |
| 12.1.2 | explain that sound waves cannot travel in a vacuum; | U |
| 12.1.3 | describe that the speed of sound depends upon the physical characteristic of a medium; | U |
| 12.1.4 | describe the longitudinal nature of sound waves; | U |
| 12.1.5 | state audible frequency range; | R |
Characteristics of Sound
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 12.2.1 | define the terms ‘pitch’, ‘loudness’ and ‘quality of sound’; | R |
| 12.2.2 | describe graphically the effect of changes in amplitude on loudness and the effect of changes in frequency on the pitch of sound; | U |
| 12.2.3 | define the intensity of sound and state its SI unit; | R |
| 12.2.4 | describe the intensity level of sound and mention its unit; | U |
| 12.2.5 | solve word problems related to the intensity level of sound; | A |
Echo
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 12.3.1 | describe an echo as the reflection of sound waves; | U |
| 12.3.2 | describe simple experiments to show the reflection of sound waves; | U |
| 12.3.3 | examine a method involving a measurement of distance and time for determining the speed of sound in air; | A |
Infra-Sound and Ultra-Sound
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 12.4.1 | describe infrasound with examples; | U |
| 12.4.2 | describe ultrasound with examples; | U |
Acoustic Protection and Noise Pollution
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 12.5.1 | describe the importance of acoustic protection; | U |
| 12.5.2 | analyse the effects of noise pollution on the environment. | A |
Reflection of Light
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 13.1.1 | describe with reference to the reflection of light the following terms: a. normal, b. angle of incidence, c. angle of reflection; | U |
| 13.1.2 | state laws of reflection of light; | R |
| 13.1.3 | discuss the relationship of the position of an object with the characteristics of image formed by a plane mirror; | E |
Refraction of Light
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 13.2.1 | describe with reference to the refraction of light the following terms: a. angle of incidence, b. angle of refraction, c. refractive index; | U |
| 13.2.2 | state laws of refraction of light; | R |
| 13.2.3 | solve word problems of refractive index using the given formulae: a. sin ∠i/ sin ∠r, b. speed of light in vacuum/ speed of light in the given medium, c. real depth/ apparent depth; | A |
| 13.2.4 | illustrate the passage of light ray through parallel-sided transparent material (glass slab); | A |
| 13.2.5 | illustrate the passage of light through a glass prism; | A |
Dispersion of Light
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 13.3.1 | explain the dispersion of light by a prism; | U |
| 13.3.2 | explain the scattering of light by the molecules in the air; | U |
| 13.3.3 | state the traditional seven colours of the visible spectrum in order of frequency and in order of wavelength; | R |
Total Internal Reflection
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 13.4.1 | define total internal reflection; | R |
| 13.4.2 | state the conditions necessary for total internal reflection; | R |
| 13.4.3 | describe the relation between critical angle and refractive index; | U |
| 13.4.4 | solve word problems related to the critical angle and refractive index; | A |
| 13.4.5 | describe the use of total internal reflection in: a. optical fibre, b. periscope; | U |
Image Location by Lens Equation
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 13.5.1 | illustrate the action of thin converging and thin diverging lenses on a parallel beam of light; | A |
| 13.5.2 | draw images by placing objects at different positions in front of convex and concave lens; | A |
| 13.5.3 | differentiate between real and virtual images; | U |
| 13.5.4 | solve word problems related to the image location by lenses using lens formula; | A |
Power of a Lens
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 13.6.1 | define power of a lens and state its unit; | R |
| 13.6.2 | define magnifying power of lens; | R |
Double Convex Lens
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 13.7.1 | define least distance of distinct vision; | R |
| 13.7.2 | describe the use of a single lens (magnifying glass) with its ray diagram; | U |
Defects in Human Eye
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 13.8.1 | define short-sightedness and long-sightedness; | R |
| 13.8.2 | draw ray diagrams to show the formation of images in the eye of an individual with reference to: a. normal vision, b. short-sightedness, c. long-sightedness; | A |
| 13.8.3 | describe the correction of short-sightedness and long-sightedness using concave and convex lenses; | U |
Gravitational and Acoustic Lensing
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 13.9.1 | define the following: a. acoustic lensing, b. gravitational lensing. | R |
Electric Charge
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 14.1.1 | define charge and its types; | R |
| 14.1.2 | describe electric charge as an integral multiple of elementary charge (electron); | U |
| 14.1.3 | explain that charging of solids by friction involves only a transfer of negative charge (electrons); | U |
| 14.1.4 | describe production and detection of electric charge; | U |
| 14.1.5 | explain discharging of an insulator by: a. putting it above a flame, b. exposing it to damp conditions; | U |
Electrostatic Force
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 14.2.1 | state that unlike charges attract and like charges repel; | R |
| 14.2.2 | explain Coulomb’s law; | U |
| 14.2.3 | solve word problems related to the electrostatic charges by using Coulomb’s law; | A |
Electrostatic Induction
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 14.3.1 | describe the process of electrostatic induction; | U |
| 14.3.2 | explain charging of a conductor by electrostatic induction; | U |
Applications of Electrostatics
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 14.4.1 | describe the application of electrostatics in electrostatic precipitator and photocopier; | U |
| 14.4.2 | explain the process of lightning in atmosphere during thunderstorms; | U |
| 14.4.3 | identify different kinds of electrical lightning includes: a. ball lightning, b. elves, c. ghosts, d. jets, e. pixies, f. sprites, g. trolls; | U |
Electric Field
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 14.5.1 | define electric field and electric field intensity; | R |
| 14.5.2 | describe that the direction of an electric field line at a point is the direction of the force exerted on a positive charge at that point; | U |
| 14.5.3 | draw electric field lines for: a. an isolated positive charge, b. an isolated negative point charge, c. two-point charges having opposite charge, d. two-point charges having identical charge; | A |
| 14.5.4 | explain phenomenon of electrical breakdown with its practical application in: a. corona discharge ozone generator b. gas discharge lamp, c. lightning rod, d. plasma display; | U |
Electric Current
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 15.1.1 | define electric current; | R |
| 15.1.2 | differentiate between conventional and non-conventional current; | U |
| 15.1.3 | differentiate between direct current (D.C.) and alternating current (A.C.); | U |
| 15.1.4 | solve word problems related to electric current using I=tQ; | A |
Conductor and Insulator
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 15.2.1 | distinguish between conductors and insulators; | U |
| 15.2.2 | describe electrical conduction in metals in terms of the movement of free electrons; | U |
Resistance and Resistivity
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 15.3.1 | define resistance and resistivity with its SI unit; | R |
| 15.3.2 | describe the following factors affecting the resistance of a metallic conductor: a. length of a conductor, b. cross-sectional area of a conductor, c. nature of a conductor, d. temperature of a conductor; | U |
| 15.3.3 | describe the phenomenon of superconductivity in solids; | U |
| 15.3.4 | describe the action of negative temperature coefficient (NTC) in thermistors and light dependent resistors; | U |
Potential Difference and Electromotive Force (e.m.f.)
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 15.4.1 | define potential difference | R |
| 15.4.2 | solve word problems related to potential difference using V=qwork; | A |
| 15.4.3 | compare potential difference and electromotive force; | U |
| 15.4.4 | state that the e.m.f. of identical power sources connected in parallel is equal to the e.m.f. of one of the sources; | R |
| 15.4.5 | calculate the total e.m.f. where several power sources are arranged in series; | A |
Ohm’s Law
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 15.5.1 | state Ohm’s law with its limitations; | R |
| 15.5.2 | interpret the I-V characteristics graph for a fixed resistor, a filament lamp and a thermistor; | E |
Electrical Power and Joule’s Law
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 15.6.1 | define electrical power; | R |
| 15.6.2 | explain Joule’s law in terms of energy dissipated in the resistor; | U |
| 15.6.3 | solve word problems related to E = IVt = I2Rt = V 2 t / R ; | A |
| 15.6.4 | calculate the total energy cost based on the cost price of kWh; | A |
Electrical Measuring Instruments
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 15.7.1 | state the use of electrical measuring devices; (galvanometer, ammeter and voltmeter) | R |
Alternating Current (A.C.) and Safety Measures
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 15.8.1 | describe the functions of live, neutral and earth wires in the domestic main power supply; | U |
| 15.8.2 | state common uses of electricity; (including heating, lighting, battery charging and powering motors and electronic systems); | R |
| 15.8.3 | describe common electric hazards that can result from malpractice and lack of maintenance; (damaged insulation, overheating cables, damp conditions, excess current from overloading of plugs, extension leads, single and multiple sockets when using a main supply); | U |
| 15.8.4 | explain the importance of connecting domestic (A.C.) supplies in parallel; | U |
| 15.8.5 | describe the usage of A.C. in daily life (switches, fuses, circuit breakers); | U |
| 15.8.6 | explain the safety measures in household electricity. | U |
Series and Parallel Combination of Resistance
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 16.1.1 | describe the characteristics of series and parallel combinations of resistors; | U |
| 16.1.2 | derive the effective/ equivalent resistance of resistors connected in series and in parallel; | A |
| 16.1.3 | calculate the effective/ equivalent resistance of resistors connected in series, parallel and both; | A |
Circuit Diagram and Circuit Components
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 16.2.1 | define electric circuits; | R |
| 16.2.2 | draw the circuit diagrams of the following electrical components: a. ammeters, b. batteries, c. cells, d. diodes, e. fuses, f. lamps, g. light-dependent resistors (LDRs), h. light-emitting diodes (LEDs), i. resistors (fixed and variable), j. switches, k. thermistors (NTC only), l. voltmeters; | A |
| 16.2.3 | calculate current, voltage, power and resistance in parts of a circuit or in the whole circuit that includes three resistors. | A |
Domain Theory
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 17.1.1 | define magnetic and non-magnetic substances; | R |
| 17.1.2 | state domain theory of magnetism; | R |
| 17.1.3 | explain magnetisation and demagnetisation of materials in light of domain theory; | U |
| 17.1.4 | define diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic solids; | R |
| 17.1.5 | compare soft and hard ferromagnetic materials; | U |
| 17.1.6 | describe uses of permanent magnets and electromagnets; | U |
Magnetic Force and Magnetic Field
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 17.2.1 | define the forces acting between magnetic poles and those between magnets and magnetic materials; | R |
| 17.2.2 | describe the direction of the magnetic field of a magnet at a point; | U |
| 17.2.3 | describe magnetic fields and magnetic lines of forces between the two poles of a magnet; | U |
| 17.2.4 | compare strong and weak magnetic fields; | U |
| 17.2.5 | define magnetic flux; | R |
| 17.2.6 | explain the formation of the Earth’s magnetic field; | U |
Magnetic Field by Current Carrying Conductor
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 17.3.1 | describe the pattern and direction of the magnetic field due to currents in straight wires and in solenoids; | U |
| 17.3.2 | describe the effect of changing the magnitude and direction of the current on the magnetic field; | U |
| 17.3.3 | describe the magnetic effect of a current in: a. loudspeakers, b. relays in switching circuits; | U |
Current Carrying Conductor in a Magnetic Field
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 17.4.1 | show that a magnetic force acts on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field; | A |
| 17.4.2 | state Fleming’s left-hand rule; | R |
| 17.4.3 | describe the effect on the magnetic force of reversing the direction of current and magnetic field; | U |
| 17.4.4 | describe the magnetic field patterns between parallel current carrying conductors and relate these to the forces on the conductors; | U |
Magnetic Torque
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 17.5.1 | describe that a current carrying coil in a magnetic field experiences a torque with the help of Fleming’s left-hand rule; | U |
| 17.5.2 | describe the turning effect is increased by increasing the: a. area of a coil, b. electric current, c. number of turns on the coil, d. strength of the magnetic field; | U |
| 17.5.3 | describe construction and working of a D.C. motor. | U |
Electromagnetic Induction
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 18.1.1 | describe that a changing magnetic field can induce electromotive force (e.m.f.) in a wire or coil; | U |
| 18.1.2 | describe that the magnitude of an induced e.m.f. is affected by the: a. rate of change of the magnetic field or the rate of cutting of magnetic field lines, b. number of turns in a coil; | U |
Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction and Lenz’s Law
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 18.2.1 | state Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction; | R |
| 18.2.2 | describe Lenz’s law, setup an experiment to show that an e.m.f. induces with in a coil opposes the change that produces it; | U |
Alternating Current Generator
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 18.3.1 | describe the simple construction and working of an A.C. generator; | U |
| 18.3.2 | interpret graphs of e.m.f. against time for simple A.C. generators; | E |
Self and Mutual Induction
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 18.4.1 | define self-induction; | R |
| 18.4.2 | define mutual induction; | R |
| 18.4.3 | describe inductance; | U |
Transformer
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 18.5.1 | describe the construction and the principle of operation of a simple iron-cored transformer; | U |
| 18.5.2 | state the two types of transformers and their uses; | R |
| 18.5.3 | discuss the application of transformer in high voltage transmission; | E |
| 18.5.4 | solve word problem using the transformer equation VpVs=IsIp=NpNs; | A |
Electromagnetic Waves
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 19.1.1 | describe the production, transmission and reception of electromagnetic (EM) waves; | U |
| 19.1.2 | describe the main regions of the electromagnetic spectrum in order of frequency and order of wavelength with their applications; | U |
| 19.1.3 | describe the damages caused by electromagnetic radiation; | U |
Thermionic Emission
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 19.2.1 | explain the process of thermionic emission emitted from a filament; | U |
| 19.2.2 | describe the simple construction and use of an electron gun as a source of electron beam; | U |
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 19.3.1 | describe the effect of electric and magnetic field on an electron beam; | U |
| 19.3.2 | describe the basic principle and uses of CRO and make a list of its uses; | U |
| 19.3.3 | interpret waveforms on oscilloscopes; | A |
Introduction to Electronics
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 19.4.1 | explain the importance of electronics; | U |
| 19.4.2 | compare analogue and digital electronics; | U |
Digital Electronics
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 19.5.1 | state Boolean algebra; | R |
| 19.5.2 | convert decimal numbers into binary numbers; | A |
| 19.5.3 | state the basic operations of digital electronics; | R |
| 19.5.4 | identify and make the symbols for the logic gates; (NOT, OR, AND, NOR and NAND) | U |
| 19.5.5 | state the action of logic gates in truth table form with two inputs; | R |
| 19.5.6 | use universal gates (NAND and NOR) to create NOT, OR and AND; | A |
| 19.5.7 | describe the uses of logic gates. | U |
Structure of Atom
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 20.1.1 | describe that the alpha particle scattering experiments provide evidence for: a. a very small nucleus surrounded by mostly empty space, b. a nucleus containing most of the mass of the atom, c. a nucleus that is positively charged; | U |
Structure of Nucleus
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 20.2.1 | describe the composition of the nucleus of an atom in terms of protons and neutrons; | U |
| 20.2.2 | explain that the number of protons in a nucleus distinguishes one element from the other; | U |
| 20.2.3 | show various nuclides by using the symbol of proton number (Z), nucleon number (A) and the nuclide notation (X); | A |
Isotopes
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 20.3.1 | define isotopes; | R |
| 20.3.2 | state that an element may have more than one isotope; | R |
| 20.3.3 | describe the uses of isotopes in: a. diagnosis and treatment of cancer, b. household fire (smoke) alarms, c. irradiating food to kill bacteria, d. measuring and controlling thicknesses of materials, e. sterilisation of equipment; | U |
Radioactivity
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 20.4.1 | define radioactivity; | R |
| 20.4.2 | explain that some nuclei are unstable; | U |
| 20.4.3 | describe the spontaneous and random emission of radiation from a nucleus; | U |
| 20.4.4 | describe the properties of the three types of radiation (α, β and γ); | U |
| 20.4.5 | explain that an element may change into another element when radioactivity occurs; | U |
| 20.4.6 | show changes in the composition of a nucleus by symbolic equations when alpha or beta particles are emitted from it; | A |
Background Radiation
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 20.5.1 | explain the existence of background radiation; | U |
| 20.5.2 | state the sources that make a significant contribution to the background radiation including: a. cosmic rays, b. food and drinks, c. radon gas (in the air), d. rocks and buildings; | R |
Half Life
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 20.6.1 | explain half-life of a radioactive material; | U |
| 20.6.2 | calculate the half-life of radioactive elements; | A |
| 20.6.3 | draw graphs showing decay curves of these elements; | A |
| 20.6.4 | describe the process of carbon dating to estimate the age of ancient objects; | U |
Fission and Fusion
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 20.7.1 | describe nuclear fission and fusion reactions; | U |
| 20.7.2 | calculate the energy released in the process of nuclear reaction using the equation E = mc2; | A |
| 20.7.3 | state the nature of the Sun consisting mostly of hydrogen and helium and radiates most of its energy; | R |
Safety Precautions
| SLO Code | Student Learning Outcome | Level |
|---|---|---|
| 20.8.1 | state the effects of ionising nuclear radiations on living things, including cell death, mutations and cancer; | R |
| 20.8.2 | explain that radioactive materials are moved, used and stored in a safe way, with reference to: a. reducing exposure time, b. using shield to absorb radiation, c. increasing distance between source and living tissue; | U |